The Fiscal Dangers of Good News: Mayor Bloomberg Presents His Administrationís Budget

By Maurice Pinzon
Yesterday, as News Yorkers were scurrying to avoid the bitter cold, Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg was in City Hall proposing a $45.7 billion budget amidst a slightly warmer economic and fiscal climate. But Mayor Bloomberg also indicated that the underpinnings of New York City’s economic and fiscal recovery are as volatile as this winter weather.

Mayor Bloomberg said he was ìcautiously optimisticî because economic indicators showed that the City’s financial situation has somewhat improved and his administration has been able to close two consecutive budget gaps in the billions of dollars by ìdoing more with lessî and asking New Yorkers to pitch in by paying higher taxes.

That partnership, Mayor Bloomberg said, has brought the City out of the deep fiscal and economic problems he had inherited. But Mayor Bloomberg insisted that his administration would not let its guard down, because deficits are looming in future years and the economic exuberant boom years of the past will not repeat themselves. The Mayor spoke with the confidence of a person comfortable in business circles, someone who, through his own business expertise and his association with other business leaders, sensed that the underpinnings of the City’s recovery were very tentative.

In his presentation to reporters and his commissioners Mayor Bloomberg pointed to two essential but very different budget streams: One in which costs were contained under his control and another for which the City still pays, even though the mandate was established by the legislature in Albany and signed into law by the governor. These expenditures include Medicaid, pensions and fringe benefits, costs that seem to be in an ever increasing upward trajectory, creating a structural deficit every year in the City’s budget. These costs are essentially unmovable, like a building in the City’s was as it tries to operate more efficiently under rigorous budget discipline.

The services most people associate with municipal government and consider the responsibility of the Sanitation, Police or Fire Departments, are paid for by the part of the budget mostly under the City’s control. But the City’s budget and expenses also include the pension and fringe benefits enacted in Albany, and the mayor must figure out how to pay for them.

Diana Fortuna, president of the Citizens Budget Commission, agreed with this assessment in an interview with New York News Network. Ms. Fortuna pointed to the high budget costs incurred by the City but enacted by Albany. Uncontrollable costs she said could be attributed to the State. ìIt’s really Albanyî and how the legislature and the governor ìdole out good news. î But these ìgood newsî benefits are not supported by funding.

Mayor Bloomberg said the only way to keep the City’s budget balanced was to continue to contain the costs the City could control while ìgrowing itselfî out of the ìstructural deficitî by maintaining a high quality of life that continues to attract new projects to the City. One example the mayor gave was a proposed Brooklyn stadium designed to attract the Nets basketball team, a project that he said would generate development and jobs.

If former Mayor Rudolph Giuliani often acted as if he were the City’s police chief, Mayor Bloomberg’s presentation in the Blue Room at City Hall was reminiscent of a Chief Executive Officer, the CEO, reporting the budget of his corporation, a very public company subject to scrutiny. The mayor asked people to review his past accomplishments, his balancing of his administration’s first two budget deficits of $5 billion and $6.5 billion. He also wanted people to recognize that these events took place at a time of great economic duress and that his administration had managed to create an economic and fiscal climate in which property values were increasing, crime was still dropping, and companies are engaged in discussions for new projects in New York. Indeed, the mayor characterized New York City as having unprecedented strategic advantages.

At one point Mayor Bloomberg referred to the City’s accounting system as rigorous and public, as if to contrast it with the private sector’s accounting methods. The mayor delivered an extensive and clear presentation to reporters and his commissioners in a televised presentation the public could see on TV.

Mayor Bloomberg highlighted his $400 property tax rebate to homeowners. This part of the presentation did not seem consistent with his assessment of the City’s tentative economic rebound, its limited power over its budget responsibilities and his need to go to Albany and Washington, D.C. to request more funding.

The mayor, however, seemed reluctant to talk about any budget cuts. The cost reductions to his budget were a result of better agency management and therefore would not impact services, he said. But when Mayor Bloomberg was asked whether the budget cuts he had proposed in last year’s budget were still in place, he initially sidestepped the question.

Then again this move may just be part of the annual budget dance. According to the City’s accounting methods the mayor’s cuts from previous years are not technically budget cuts if they are not part of the base budget. And so the City Council is left with something to do in its budget hearings – restore the services and take credit for their restoration.

Even though Mayor Bloomberg said in his budget presentation that ìwe are a compassionate society and we cannot walk away, no matter what budgetary problems we have,î advocates and the City Council insisted last year’s $300 million in budget cut holdovers would negatively affect needy New Yorkers.

City Council Speaker Gifford Miller initially responded to the new budget by saying that the mayor should talk to ìthe parents that are going to lose their child care,î parents who care about the ìteacher’s choiceî program and ìsummer jobs program,î and people ìwho get weekend meals.î Speaker Miller said these services were in danger of being eliminated.

The Citizen’s Committee for Children, an advocacy group, compiled a list of $110 million in service cuts that it said would negatively impact children, including reductions to child care and youth programs, and the closing of children’s health clinics.

Executive Gail B. Nayowith from the committee issued a statement that said, ìAs the fiscal climate brightens and political pressure mounts to roll-back taxes, we urge restraint and consideration of the need to maintain vital services for children.î She added, ìTiming is everything and the question is whether the city can afford to cut taxes this year and at the same time move forward with significant cuts to children’s services.î

Speaker Miller, however, did not say if he would oppose the mayor’s proposed tax rebate in order to preserve the services he thinks should be protected. He said the City Council would have to review the budget before he could make that determination.

Ms. Fortuna from the Citizens Budget Commission said she did not think the property tax rebate the mayor was proposing was such a good idea, in light of the still uncertain budget picture and uncontrollable expenses from Albany.

Comptroller William C. Thompson, Jr. also had a few concerns. In a statement his office released he said, “The Mayor’s plan is based on a great deal of optimism. I am concerned that it contains a number of substantial risks, such as the state’s assumption of MAC debt service and no contingency for collective bargaining. It also relies on significant state and federal support that may never be realized.”

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The Photographic History of Your Skin

By Maurice Pinzon
How the idea of race and identity in the United States has been imagined through the photographic image is the story of “Only Skin Deep: Changing Visions of the American Self”, the exhibition at the International Center of Photography (ICP).

The big battles over identity politics may have receded or been subsumed within a new global politics, but Coco Fusco, the curator of the exhibit, is intent on explaining photography’s influence on race and identity.

“You cannot understand the history of the United States without understanding race,” said Ms. Fusco, a New York artist and Associate Professor at Columbia University’s School of the Arts. “And you can’t understand race without understanding how photography represents race,” she added.

The “Only Skin Deep” exhibit is in five parts and divided into opposing dualities: “Looking Up – Looking Down”, the creation of racial “fact” through hierarchy and its subversive opposition, “All for One – One for All”, the contrast between the “ideal” American and the particularities of ethnicity, “Humanized ”“ Fetishized”, imagery that lifts humanity as opposed to treating humanity as objects, “Assimilate ”“ Impersonate”, photographs that suggest social conformity as opposed to images of the staged exotic, “Progress ”“ Regress” the technological superiority of Western civilization, its dangers vs. less technologically advanced, therefore “primitive” civilizations.

Ms. Fusco said she wanted to bring a historical perspective to the discussion of identity politics by reminding us how photographs construct a view of our identities. Ms. Fusco and Brian Wallis, the co-curators, bring in 300 works to show us.

Ms. Fusco, in rapid-fire explanation, walked this reporter from one photograph to another and spoke about the history of the photographs. Even if you have seen a particular photograph before, at the exhibit you are invited to examine it historically. Why was it taken and how is the photographer using the image to display identity and race in America?

As you move through the exhibit you have to build the connections in your mind, instead of having them displayed for you in simplistic juxtaposition. You are photo surfing a visual web, a sort of Internet of its time.

Identity politics may have been eclipsed with the emergence of the complexity of race in an intermingling America, where tan is in and Asian and Latino cultures are having an increasingly greater impact on American society; where black Hip Hop has conquered white kids’ musical tastes. This makes identity less dualistic perhaps, but no less subject to the power of the image. How that ambiguity is displayed with the increased manipulative possibilities of the digitized images and as individuals create large personal digital libraries will perhaps be the next chapter in how America imagines race and identity.

“Only Skin Deep” is an ambitious exhibition. And Ms. Fusco and the ICP extend their discussion beyond the exhibit. There is also a book, “Only Skin Deep: Changing Visions of the American Self”, edited by Coco Fusco and Brian Wallis.

If you take all this in you will likely feel as if you have signed up for a college course. To begin, visit the International Center for Photography, located at 1133 Avenue of the Americas at 43rd Street in Manhattan. The exhibition runs through February 29, 2004.

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After School Politics Keeps Youth From Programs

By Maurice Pinzon
New York State Senator Liz Krueger in a news conference last week charged the State Senate with a partisan restoration of funding for an after school program that was cut from $20 million to $10 million when Albany enacted its budget this year.

Both the State Senate and the Assembly enacted this cut as part of an overall budget they passed over Governor George E. Pataki’s objections. At the time the legislators said their overall budget package was better for New Yorkers than Governor Pataki’s. Kent Kisselbrack, spokesman for the New York State Office of Children and Family Services (OCFS), said, “The Governor proposed funding at $20 million in his budget but the Senate in overriding his budget cut the program in half.”

Senator Krueger indicated the budget the Senate passed and for which she voted was passed “to keep a balanced budget, the State Legislature had to make some cuts.” But she added, “Our budget was far better than the Governor’s original budget and we did restore more than $1 billion to public education initiatives. In the end there was enough money to run the after school programs through March 31st, which is the end of the fiscal year.” Some in Albany dispute whether that would have been possible, since the budget has rarely been passed on time and therefore funding would have run out before more funding could be provided.

When New York State moved forward with the cuts there was little notice, with some programs completely eliminated and others cut deeply. Senator Krueger said “real damage” was done to the programs that were completely eliminated. Nancy Wackstein, Executive Director of the United Neighborhood Houses, said the cuts were carried out with “very little notice to get other funding in place.” She added that in the process, “Children got caught in the political net.”

When the Senate Majority decided to restore some of the funding under a budget line under its control, State Senator Krueger charged that it was done in a highly politicized manner. “The restoration of funding to select after-school programs was motivated with blatantly partisan intentions,” Senator Krueger stated. “How else can one explain that funding streams in the New York City metropolitan area have been renewed for 13 programs in Republican districts and for only one program in Democratic districts?”

According to information provided by Senator Krueger’s office, the OCFS’s program cuts were restored by the Senate Republican Majority in Long Island and Westchester, whereas New York City restored only 3 of 14 programs.

Matt Walter, a spokesperson for the Senate Majority’s office said there was “no foundation” to Senator Krueger’s contention that there was partisanship involved. Mr. Walter said that two-thirds of the cuts to the Advantage After School program came from outside New York City, so that is why most of the funding restorations by the Senate Majority took place outside New York City. But when asked to explain whether the New York City districts where funding had been restored were disproportionately Republican districts, Mr. Walter said he would have to look into it.

As of this posting he has not gotten back to New York News Network.

According to Mr. Kisselbrack, the formula used to cut the Advantage After School program looked for those programs with higher attendance rates and tried to preserve the well-attended programs with some partial funding. Mr. Kisselbrack said the cuts kept 70 percent of the overall youth population enrolled in the after school programs.

Beyond the Albany budget battle are the comments given by one 17-year-old high school senior who participated in the Advantage After School Program and attended the news conference, and Robin Bernstein, Executive Director of the Educational Alliance, an organization that ran an Advantage After School program.

Assiatou Osis Dillo:
“Hello, my name is Assiatou, I’ve been involved with the Educational Alliance since it started five years ago, when I was in the seventh grade. Now I’m in my senior year and in the middle of the application process, all of the extracurricular activities and skills outside of school that I am listing on those applications came from being part of this program. Through this after school I’ve learned how to dance the salsa, debate, photography, stage crew skills, how to work with younger children, office skills, and most recently, I started a young woman’s discussion and support group in the after school program. Through that I learned how to initiate, organize, and run a group. These are all skills that I wouldn’t have learned if the Educational Alliance Program was not in this school. My little sister, Biata, is in the sixth grade at this school, and I want her to have the same opportunities for learning as I had.”

Robin Bernstein:
“Our children deserve first-rate schools that teach them to be literate and teach them to be good citizens. Our children need a multitude of skills to participate in a work place that is ever more technological. Our kids need to learn community-building skills to work and live in a diverse, multicultural society. Schools not only have to teach better from 9 to 3, they also must play a bigger role in the lives of the many children whose parents work full time.”

“Parents are just not home during after school hours any more. We don’t have an economy that enables most families to get by on less than two incomes. While our parents support their families, our parents need the assurance that their children will be, first of all, safe, but secondly receiving the educational and social enrichment that they need to reach their potential.”

“Over the past five years many of us have worked together developing an extraordinary model of after school programming. Schools in partnership with community-based organizations and private and public funders have created successful programs to engage, challenge and expand the horizons of our city’s children. We don’t just baby-sit our kids. We have added [to] after school the array of activities that there is not enough time and money to accommodate anymore from 9 to 3: music, theater, art and sports. We give high school students opportunities to volunteer on community projects and work experience tutoring and mentoring younger children. We offer remedial and enriched education, to catch up or jump ahead in their academic growth. Participation in our program results in improved school attendance, which results in improved academic achievement. That has been proven!”

“We have made remarkable progress in meeting a critical need of working families of every race, ethnicity, community and economic level throughout the state. Let’s not abandon these children and their parents when we are not even close to meeting the need for after school care in New York City.”

“The Educational Alliance is currently providing after school programming daily to 300 children and teens at School of the Future, and another 400 children at two other programs affected by these cuts. We have recently been told we have lost 25 percent of our New York State Advantage funding. Unless it is restored soon, we will have to tell 75 young people and their parents at School of the Future and 150 children at our other programs that they can’t take part in the program anymore.”

“Where will these kids go? The only community center near School of the Future closed in the last year. The other options: become latchkey kids, alone in their apartments for too many hours a day. Hanging out on the street where there is real potential for getting into trouble or being preyed upon.”

“The best choice for these children’s futures is to not lose this program. These cuts will force hardworking parents to choose between supporting their families or leaving their children unsupervised. This is a choice no parent should have to make. It is essential that these funds be restored.”

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