The Transformation of New York Graffiti

By Maurice Pinzon
At last week’s political rally in Bryant Park in Manhattan, Democratic presidential candidate Dr. Howard Dean used as a backdrop for his talk to supporters an ersatz graffiti-covered wall. New York Council Member James S. Oddo, a Republican who represents a district in Staten Island, saw it as a type of symbolism he would rather do without.

In a telephone interview with New York News Network, Council Member Oddo said he was offended by Dr. Dean’s use of the graffiti backdrop because he believes that in most New Yorkers’ minds, graffiti is associated with a time when New York was a “dark, dank city full of despair” ”” a time that Mr. Oddo said no longer exists. Mr. Oddo does not think Dr. Dean should have reminded the country of this dismal period in New York’s past when “lawlessness ruled, where every subway car was riddled with graffiti” and when “we were on the verge of municipal bankruptcy.”

Mr. Oddo was referring to New York City’s fiscal crisis during the 70’s, when many City services were cut to the bone and capital spending was drastically reduced, resulting in the deterioration of the public infrastructure.

The council member, who is one of only three Republicans in the City Council, said he had told someone in discussing the graffiti issue, “Hey, don’t forget I’m the one who walked out of Gracie Mansion on the Republican mayor.” Mr. Oddo said he understood Dr. Dean’s political strategy in using the wall with graffiti as a political prop. According to Mr. Oddo, Dr. Dean was “trying to appeal to this Internet, MTV, young, disaffected disenfranchised universe of folks.” Mr. Oddo said Dr. Dean’s prop was in a similar vein of trying to appeal to a youthful audience as “Bill Clinton going on MTV and saying he wears boxers.”

Mr. Oddo’s understanding of the strategy notwithstanding, he thought Dr. Dean had hurt New York City’s image across the country. He said, “And I don’t think seeing the leading Democratic nominee standing in front of a graffitied wall in New York City seen on the TV beaming across the country does New York City well across the country. I took offense.”

The graffiti artist at the center of attention for directing the creation of Dr. Dean’s backdrop discussed with New York News Network the attention his work has received. The artist, known as “Keo,” said the graffiti work was rushed with the help of assistants, and painted in 15 minutes because of a delay in setting up the stage at the park. Keo said he would have tried to do something more artistic if he had the time. He thought it was ironic that a council member and others were complaining about the graffiti at a time when the techniques, if not the exacting wording, of graffiti artists were being imitated in the commercial advertising world.

Keo said, “You never saw in the 70’s or early 80’s an entire bus, the exterior, from top to bottom wrapped with advertising. That was a graffiti tactic to paint the exterior of public transportation top to bottom.” Keo explained that major corporations must have realized that you could “profit from selling that space.”

Keo, who used to “tag” subways back late 70’s and 80’s, said: Right now you have young ad executives who grew up in my generation. Many of the creative cats even wrote graffiti in the 80’s.”

Indeed, Viacom, which owns CBS and is the sole adverting vendor in New York City subways, has on its website an explanation of what it offers its clients. In what Viacom calls “Station Domination” the company explains that its control of adverting space allows “a single advertiser to blanket the traditional media within a terminal and to enhance the display with special sites strategically placed in high-traffic areas. The result is a virtual exhibit that surrounds the consumer with multiple messages throughout their commute.”

In promoting the bus wrapping Keo referred to, Viacom says on its website that “Wraps” allow their advertising clients to “combine the market penetration of a bus with the size and impact of a billboard. These moving posters travel through crowded streets, turning heads and making lasting impressions. Wrapped vehicles provide creativity and dramatic impact.”

There was a similar objective in painting subway trains. Keo explained that “you could catch the subway laid up in Brooklyn and by the next day people in the Bronx had seen your work. If I painted a wall in Brooklyn, nobody would see it except the guys on that block.”

On New York subways commuters are familiar with single-brand dominated subway cars. When asked about what he thought about this type of advertising, Keo said: “Those were all our tactics ”” repetitively coding a subway train with your name over and over again. These were ways to get noticed. No one used to advertise in the subways except like dentists, a guy who would fix your zits for you.”

But Keo does not believe the graffiti problem has been solved. Instead he said it has been displaced from outside of the subway cars to the streets. He said, “These kids today they still have that same urge to express themselves and be heard but they don’t really have a space in which to do that. And it’s everywhere now.”

Keo does not like the graffiti on his block either because, he explained, “I gotta go out and clean the outside of my building as well.”

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Bloomberg and Miller Defend City’s Interests Differently

By Maurice Pinzon
Mayor Michael Bloomberg, surrounded by Dominican community leaders just minutes before the Dominican Day Parade was to begin, spoke with reporters and insisted the State agreement on bond refinancing should be honored.

After Mayor Bloomberg threatened to sue over the issue last week, Governor George Pataki offered on Friday to provide the City with “$500 million in annual fiscal relief.” But Mayor Bloomberg was not buying the offer. The Mayor said Governor Pataki’s proposal would not provide “the money the State proposal has and it lacks the guarantees.” Mayor Bloomberg explained that, as structured by the Governor, the City would have to return to Albany each year for approval on the debt assistance. Under the current agreement the State would take over the full obligation of $500 million a year in bond payments for a total of $2.5 billion in Municipal Assistance Corporation (MAC) debt from the 70’s fiscal crisis.

Mayor Bloomberg appears to be willing to consider only three options: Leave the State Legislative agreement in place, accept only an equivalent proposal from Governor Pataki, or sue the State if it reneges on its legal commitment to provide debt relief. But Mayor Bloomberg maintained his non-confrontational posture towards the Governor, taking almost a financier’s legal approach on the bond sale. (See comments by Felix Rohatyn in Bloomberg to Fight for State Budget Agreement Promised to City)

By contrast, a few minutes after the Mayor left to join the parade, New York City Council Speaker Gifford Miller attacked the Governor with strong language. Speaker Miller called the Governor’s actions “an outrageous attack on the City of New York” and went on to say that reneging on the debt relief would “blow up the City.” And Speaker Miller predicted, “If we do not get this relief, New York is once again facing doomsday.”

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Bloomberg to Fight for State Budget Agreement Promised to City

By Maurice Pinzon
At a news conference at the Marriott Hotel in Times Square, Mayor Michael Bloomberg promised not to allow Governor George Pataki to derail his efforts to get New York City out of its fiscal troubles.

Well not in so many words.

However, if Mayor Bloomberg did not name names, he did provide a bureaucratic road map for reporters and New Yorkers to follow in assessing where to look if a $170 million refinancing agreement enacted in budget legislation in Albany is derailed.

Mayor Bloomberg vowed to “take all necessary legal actions” to challenge the decision on Wednesday by the Local Government Assistance Corporation (LGAC) to stop the City’s refinancing of debt left over from the 70’s fiscal crisis. The refinancing would have New York State take over the refinanced debt payment of $170 million a year relieving the City of $500 million in debt payments a year for a total of $2.5 billion over the next five years.

Mayor Bloomberg appears to have strong backing for his argument from Felix Rohatyn, the former chair of New York’s Municipal Assistance Corporation (MAC) and the man credited with negotiating the bailout of New York City during its fiscal crisis in the 70’s.

In a telephone interview with New York News Network while he was on vacation, Mr. Rohatyn said, “The Mayor has every right to enforce the commitment he had from the State. Once that commitment has been made the Mayor has an obligation to enforce that commitment by all legal means available.”

When asked what financial alternative was available, Mr. Rohatyn said, “The only alternative would be for the State to come up with an equivalent amount of budget relief.”

Republicans and Democrats in the Senate and Assembly enacted the New York State budget over the objections and vetoes of Governor Pataki. State Senator Liz Krueger has pointed to Albany’s inability to agree on direct relief to address New York City’s fiscal problems. The Governor’s proposed budget was not even acceptable to Republican legislators. So Albany legislators were forced to scramble and cut and paste together an alternative budget that they passed over the Governor’s vetoes.

Referring to a State budget that would have avoided the bond refinancing remedy, State Senator Krueger said, “The New York State budget should have included $500 million in aid to localities, which includes education funding, less health cuts. Lots of different things.” Regardless of the constitutional merits of this bond refinancing, “I do believe the $170 million is needed by the City,” Senator Krueger said.

At the news conference Mayor Bloomberg was forceful in his defense of the State budget legislation, and he attacked the LGAC. He said that “an un-elected state board decided it would attempt to overrule the will of the Legislature, the elected representatives of the people of New York, and deprive the City of this critical aid package. This board is clearly trying to undermine the people of this State through their illegal actions.”

Mayor Bloomberg also alluded to New York City’s contribution to New York State. He said, “City taxpayers send over $3 billion annually to Albany more than we get back. The decision by the State Legislature to provide this relief uses but a small portion of this surplus.”

Still reporters at the news conference tried to draw Mayor Bloomberg out into a verbal battle with Governor Pataki. One reporter asked how criticism of the LGAC, in which two of three members are appointed by the Governor, did not logically lead to criticism of the Governor also.

Another reporter asked if the Mayor, a successful businessman who has recently received positive media attention for mending the fiscal and economic troubles of New York City, was in a strong public relations position in relation to Governor Pataki on this issue.

Mayor Bloomberg simply said that he “did not want to personalize the issue.”

A call to Governor Pataki’s office for comment was not returned.

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